Longevity & Cellular Renewal
SS-31
Elamipretide
SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Research context
SS-31 is an aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide reported to associate selectively with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Research examines cristae morphology, electron transport chain supercomplex organisation, and reactive oxygen species production in isolated mitochondria and cell models.
Common assays: Cardiolipin binding · Respirometry · Mitochondrial ROS quantification · Cristae imaging
Specification
| Designation | Elamipretide |
|---|---|
| Full name | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
| Sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ |
| CAS number | 736992-21-5 |
| Molecular formula | C32H49N9O5 |
| Molecular weight | 639.79 g/mol |
| Formats | 10 mL Vial · 15 mL Advanced Liquid Peptide Spray |
| Solubility | Sterile water, bacteriostatic water |
| Storage | Lyophilised: −20 °C, protected from light. Reconstituted: 2–8 °C. |
| Current lot | S25N1125 → |
SS-31 COA: certificates of analysis by lot
2 lots of SS-31 have a published certificate of analysis from AxisPharm, LLC, an independent laboratory. Each certificate reports the laboratory's results for that lot.
| Lot | Format | Purity (HPLC-UV) | Reported |
|---|---|---|---|
| S25N1125 | 25 mg Spray | >99.0% | 2025-11-20 |
| SS10V1125 | 10 mg Vial | >99.0% | 2025-11-03 |
Published literature
Selected peer-reviewed references describing research involving this compound. Listed for reference only; inclusion is not a claim about any outcome.
- Birk AV, Liu S, Soong Y, et al.The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipinJournal of the American Society of Nephrology · 2013 Find on PubMed ↗
- Szeto HH.First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergeticsBritish Journal of Pharmacology · 2014 Find on PubMed ↗
Common questions
What is cardiolipin and why does it matter here?
Cardiolipin is a phospholipid concentrated in the inner mitochondrial membrane, required for proper cristae structure and supercomplex assembly. SS-31 is characterised by its selective association with it.
What does the Dmt residue refer to?
2,6-dimethyltyrosine, a non-standard residue. Along with the D-arginine it gives the peptide its aromatic-cationic character and cell permeability.
Where can I see the SS-31 certificate of analysis?
Every published SS-31 lot has its own certificate page on this site, listed under "SS-31 COA" above. There are 2 published lots; the most recent, lot S25N1125, was reported on 2025-11-20 at >99.0% purity by HPLC-UV. The certificates are issued by AxisPharm, LLC, an independent laboratory.
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